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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 73The Chernobyl Cover-Up
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- Are Soviet officials still concealing the truth about the
- disaster?
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- The Soviet government's first reaction to the 1986
- catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear plant was to hide it from
- the world. Only when confronted with irrefutable evidence did
- officials admit that one of the plant's reactors had exploded,
- releasing a radioactive cloud that spread over the country and
- across Europe.
-
- But some Soviet politicians and scientists now claim that
- a cover-up is still going on. They charge that 1) the accident
- released at least 20 times more radiation than the government
- has admitted, 2) Communist officials failed to evacuate nearby
- towns and cities right away, although they knew of the danger,
- and 3) the Soviet nuclear establishment had known that the
- Chernobyl design was unsafe. "I believe we must launch an
- investigation and learn who was responsible," says Alexei
- Yablokov, deputy chairman of the Committee on Ecology and the
- Rational Use of Natural Resources in the Congress of People's
- Deputies, the new Soviet legislature.
-
- Allegations of a continuing Chernobyl cover-up have been
- quietly circulating in the Soviet Union for some time. But the
- scandal has now broken into the open, thanks to an article in
- the Moscow News, an outspoken (since glasnost) weekly newspaper.
- Under the headline THE BIG LIE, the paper reported on a
- round-table discussion it had organized on the Chernobyl issue.
- The party officials, journalists and lawmakers who took part
- recited a litany of accusations against such prominent citizens
- as former Ukrainian party boss Vladimir Shcherbitsky; Yevgeni
- Chazov, the Soviet Minister of Health; Anatoli Aleksandrov,
- former head of the Soviet Academy of Sciences; and Yuri Izrael,
- chairman of the State Committee on Hydrometeorology.
-
- Much of what the critics say is based on secret documents
- and firsthand experience, and will be hard for the government
- to refute. People's Deputy Yuri Voronezhtsev, from Byelorussia,
- near Chernobyl, says medical records contradict the official
- claim that iodine was given to all of those exposed to radiation
- in order to prevent the absorption of radioactive iodine by the
- thyroid gland. Another Byelorussian, writer Ales Adamovich, says
- local officials ignored the appeals of a physicist to evacuate
- the area until he showed them that party headquarters itself was
- contaminated.
-
- Another legislator, Yuri Shcherbak, notes that the decision
- to evacuate residents of the town of Chernobyl, which is just
- 14 km (9 miles) from the plant, was not made until May 2, six
- days after the accident. By April 30, he says, radiation in
- nearby Kiev (pop. 2.6 million) had risen to 100 times safe
- levels. The authorities knew that, according to Shcherbak, but
- "the population was not warned."
-
- In the Narodichi district, 68 km (42 miles) from the
- reactor, according to local party official Valentin Budko, "the
- evacuation of children was finished only on June 7. Little
- wonder that there are so many sick children in our district,
- especially those with hyperplasia of the thyroid gland." This
- and other radiation-related disorders, like leukemia, have
- allegedly been misreported as more innocent sounding conditions.
-
- The mismanagement, moreover, started long before the
- Chernobyl accident itself, claims Shcherbak. The reactor's
- safety system, approved by former Academy of Sciences head
- Aleksandrov, had design flaws, and, says Shcherbak, a near
- accident at a similar reactor in 1976 was hushed up. Most
- disturbing is the contention that safety violations are still
- going on. Budko and journalist Vladimir Kolinko, for example,
- say that food grown in contaminated soil is still being
- distributed to children, among others. And last week
- Komsomolskaya Pravda, a Moscow daily, published a story by
- Vladimir Lipsky, president of the Byelorussian branch of the
- Soviet Children's Fund, charging that infant disease is on the
- rise and that officials have authorized construction of 43
- kindergartens in affected areas.
-
- At least one accusation -- that the accident released 1
- billion or more curies of radiation, rather than the reported
- figure of 50 million to 80 million -- is denied by the
- authorities. Says Nikolai Steinberg, former chief engineer of
- the Chernobyl reactor and now deputy chairman of the State
- Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Industry: "We're not the only
- ones who came up with that figure. International scientists were
- involved as well." U.S. experts support the lower estimate.
- Nonetheless, Yablokov and other deputies have demanded that the
- Chernobyl installation, which is still operating, be closed down
- completely.
-
- The Soviets who are complaining have a clear political
- bias. Virtually all of their targets are thought to be enemies
- of Mikhail Gorbachev's program of restructuring society, while
- the accusers are mostly progressives. If Gorbachev wants to
- remove accused officials from their posts, the growing scandal
- could make it easy to do so.
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